OCgeeks

Controls everything from your TV to your security system using anything from your cell phone to a Wii remote. More >>>

ISPs and authorities increasingly use Deep Packet Inspection hardware to block access to BitTorrent sites, or spy on users ’ browsing habits. To offer its users more privacy, isoHunt has now added SSL encryption, making it impossible for your ISP or the authorities to monitor your activities on the BitTorrent site. More >>>>

Firefox 3 — available for download at 10am PDT Tuesday — is the culmination of a two-year quest to build the best browser ever. And while it’s not perfect, it comes pretty close.

The open-source web browser is the fastest and most secure version of Firefox yet. Significant improvements have been made to the way it uses your computer’s resources, so the memory leaks and other performance problems found in Firefox 2 have been stamped out. Text and image rendering have also been improved, and the underlying code for Gecko, the engine that draws the actual web pages on the screen, has been updated. There are also heaps of useful features that have been added for both power users and newcomers alike.

REMOVE VISTA .com how to uninstall Windows Vista
Please note that this site is just a helping hand. Use this information at your own risk!
Please select your situation:
I installed Vista next to another Windows version (e.g. XP/98 etc.)	I upgraded from XP to Vista	I've only got Vista installed on my system

ACP-Hyperactive Swapmeet at 1310 Edinger, Santa Ana CA. (Off the 55 Freeway and Edinger). Come by and see the latest in HDTV HDMI, DVI, + Component Cables and computer cables, adapters accessories such as USB to SATA, CAT5e, USB Adapters, & DB9-Pin Serial Cables for those free-to-air boxes. The latest USB to RS232 just came in and they do work with anything!

These genius' never cease to amaze me.. This technology will soon be at our fingertips..

Spencer is the inventor of Asterisk, a free software program that establishes phone calls over the Internet. handles voicemail, caller ID, teleconferencing and other features for the phone.a decent-size company can rip out its traditional phone switch, even some of its newfangled Internet telephone gear, and say good-bye to 80% of its telecom costs More >>>

Automatically Defragment C: Daily

schtasks /create /tn "Defrag C" /tr "defrag c: /f" /sc daily /st 23:00:00 /ru "System"

This will set your computer to automatically perform a complete defrag of the C: drive each day at 11:00:00 PM (23:00:00). It does this by creating a scheduled task called Defrag C. It will run this command under the computer’s system account.

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Map A Drive Letter to a Folder
subst W: C:\Windows

Sometimes, your directory structure can get pretty deep and complicated. You can simplify this a bit by mapping a drive letter to commonly used folders. In the example that I have given, this will create a drive letter W: and map it to the C:\Windows directory. Then, whenever you go into My Computer, you will see a W: drive and when you browse to it, it will automatically take you to the contents of the C:\Windows folder.

You can do this with any unused drive letter and any folder that exists on your system.
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List All Tasks Running On The Computer

tasklist

It’s always good to know what is running on your system. This is the command line version of the processes tab in Taks Manager.
Kill A Program

taskkill /im programname.exe /f

If, when using the tasklist command, you discover that there is something running you just want killed. This is the way to do it! Just note the program name and use it in place of programname.exe.

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Reboot a Remote Computer

shutdown -r -f -m \\remotePC -c "System will be rebooted in 20 seconds"

Sometimes, you just need to reboot a system. This will do it remotely and give the user a 20 second warning.

---------------------------------------------
stopping and starting the print spooler

%windir%\System32\cmd.exe /c "net.exe stop Spooler && net start Spooler"

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To flush the DNS lookup cache (in case you’re using a dynamic DNS service for connecting to a remote machine etc.):

ipconfig /flushdns

If you’re using IIS for local web development and you need to restart the web server (to clear the application data, to fix a DLL problem etc.), don’t take the long trip through Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Internet Information Services etc. Simply issue:

iisreset
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runas /user:domain\user “cmd.exe /c shutdown -r -f -m 192.168.0.2 -t 1″

if you also supply the password it will not prompt
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Now you can explore the universe without Google earth... >>>

The ultimate collection of cheat sheets for linux users. Enough to fill up your whole wall with commands yielded by the geek gods! Be sure to digg this so more people can have the opportunity to get ahold of all these in one place. More >>>

Whether you've got a home network, small network, enterprise network or anything in between, these 10 freebies can make it more secure, run better and easier to manage. They're useful, easy to learn ... and you certainly can't beat free

1. NetworkMagic
2. Spiceworks IT Desktop
3. NetLimiter Monitor
4. Network Notepad
5. Advanced Net Tools (ANT)
6. DreamSys Server Monitor
7. NetBrute Scanner
8. Technitium MAC Address Changer
9. RogueScanner
10. NetPeek More >>>

An up to date list of the top 100 Apple Mac applications. These are the applications that every Mac should be installed with. Examples include the free to the not so free but all worth having for any Mac user.

1) AppFresh
Software updater is great for Apple applications, but appfresh has the ability to check thrid party apps for updates. A great little tool for keeping upto date.

2) AppZapper
Although applications are easy to uninstall on a mac there are usually small preference files hanging about. Appzapper cleans up an uninstall all of those files.

3) Disk Inventory X
A simple program that scans your disk and visually shows what files takes up how much space, good to visualise if you are running out of space and you have some size hogs.

4) Grand Perspective
Very similar to Disk Inventory X, shows you what files take up how much space on your website.

5) OpenPlist
A very cool little tool if you need to end up editing Plist files.

6) Quicksilver
One of the best applications ever made for the mac. Its a quick launch tool that enables you to open and do practically anything. Very fun and really increases your productivity.

7) Stuffit
An application design to unstuff or unpack nearly any file. Create if you use archives a lot.

8) TextWrangler
A very cool text editor that lets you edit text files quickly. Sometimes more powerful than text edit.

9) TidyUp
An application that enables you to search through a list of files finds duplicates. Great if you have many files and you need to organise them.

10) Todos
Leaves no application behind. A very visual way to view all of the applications on your computer. Kind of surpassed by the stacks in the dock.

11) UnRarX
UnrarX gives you the abilty to easily uncompress .rar files. Very good, although stuffit can now handle .rar files.

12) Xslimmer
Give your mac a diet. It goes through and removes the powerpc or intel parts of your program. It can really reduce the size of applications. Can also break them if you are not careful.

More >>>

How to Rip DVDs to Your Mac

Basic movie ripping is fairly simple. Here's how to do it:

Insert a DVD into your Mac. Apple's DVD player will start -- just close it.
Start Handbrake.
First, Handbrake opens the selection screen, but this screen is fairly superfluous, unless you have multiple DVD drives. Make sure Detected Volume is selected, and click Open. Handbreak scans your DVD to detect the various titles and chapters, and opens the main Handbrake window.
More >>>

Well with the June 30th cutoff fast approaching, PC World decided to take a look at your options for procuring an XP license after that date, but unfortunately, the picture isn't too pretty.

The problem with vista is that it looks great, but is a pain in the butt to do most things with. Security is not in creating extra steps for the user to jump through, security is taking those steps in the background without the user needing to worry about it. when you have to disable things like User control to make the OS less annoying, you've added a level of security that is in fact, useless.

Having said that, Vista is not near as bad as it's made out to be, and by that XP 2009 cut off, it will likely really shine. But Microsoft needs to take a serious look at why XP was so popular, and Vista so resisted. And they need to take notes from the Mac side of things and not wait years between massive updates. You spend 6+ years with one OS, of course you are going to be comfortable with it and resist change. More >>>

1. Character Map = charmap.exe (very useful for finding unusual characters)

2. Disk Cleanup = cleanmgr.exe

3. Clipboard Viewer = clipbrd.exe (views contents of Windows clipboard)

4. Dr Watson = drwtsn32.exe (Troubleshooting tool)

5. DirectX diagnosis = dxdiag.exe (Diagnose & test DirectX, video & sound cards)

6. Private character editor = eudcedit.exe (allows creation or modification of characters)

7. IExpress Wizard = iexpress.exe (Create self-extracting self-installing package)

8. Mcft Synchronization Manager = mobsync.exe (appears to allow synchronization of files on the network for when working offline. Apparently undocumented).

9. Windows Media Player 5.1 = mplay32.exe (Retro version of Media Player, very basic).

10. ODBC Data Source Administrator = odbcad32.exe (something to do with databases)

11. Object Packager = packager.exe (to do with packaging objects for insertion in files, appears to have comprehensive help files).

12. System Monitor = perfmon.exe (very useful, highly configurable tool, tells you everything you ever wanted to know about any aspect of PC performance, for uber-geeks only )

13. Program Manager = progman.exe (Legacy Windows 3.x desktop shell).

14. Remote Access phone book = rasphone.exe (documentation is virtually non-existant).

15. Registry Editor = regedt32.exe [also regedit.exe] (for hacking the Windows Registry).

16. Network shared folder wizard = shrpubw.exe (creates shared folders on network).

17. File siganture verification tool = sigverif.exe

18. Volume Contro = sndvol32.exe (I've included this for those people that lose it from the System Notification area).

19. System Configuration Editor = sysedit.exe (modify System.ini & Win.ini just like in Win98! ).

20. Syskey = syskey.exe (Secures XP Account database - use with care, it's virtually undocumented but it appears to encrypt all passwords, I'm not sure of the full implications).

21. Mcft Telnet Client = telnet.exe

22. Driver Verifier Manager = verifier.exe (seems to be a utility for monitoring the actions of drivers, might be useful for people having driver problems. Undocumented).

23. Windows for Workgroups Chat = winchat.exe (appears to be an old NT utility to allow chat sessions over a LAN, help files available).

24. System configuration = msconfig.exe (can use to control starup programs)

25. gpedit.msc used to manage group policies, and permissionsr

Run Commands:

compmgmt.msc - Computer management
devmgmt.msc - Device manager
diskmgmt.msc - Disk management
dfrg.msc - Disk defrag
eventvwr.msc - Event viewer
fsmgmt.msc - Shared folders
gpedit.msc - Group policies
lusrmgr.msc - Local users and groups
perfmon.msc - Performance monitor
rsop.msc - Resultant set of policies
secpol.msc - Local security settings
services.msc - Various Services
msconfig - System Configuration Utility
regedit - Registry Editor
msinfo32 _ System Information
sysedit _ System Edit
win.ini _ windows loading information(also system.ini)
winver _ Shows current version of windows
mailto: _ Opens default email client
command _ Opens command prompt

Run Commands to access the control panel:
Add/Remove Programs control appwiz.cpl
Date/Time Properties control timedate.cpl
Display Properties control desk.cpl
FindFast control findfast.cpl
Fonts Folder control fonts
Internet Properties control inetcpl.cpl
Keyboard Properties control main.cpl keyboard
Mouse Properties control main.cpl
Multimedia Properties control mmsys.cpl
Network Properties control netcpl.cpl
Password Properties control password.cpl
Printers Folder control printers
Sound Properties control mmsys.cpl sounds
System Properties control sysdm.cpl

Command Prompt:
ANSI.SYS Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys.
APPEND Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or running a command.
ARP Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices.
ASSIGN Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter.
ASSOC View the file associations.
AT Schedule a time to execute commands or programs.
ATMADM Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager.
ATTRIB Display and change file attributes.
BATCH Recovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file.
BOOTCFG Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and rebuild the boot.ini
BREAK Enable / disable CTRL + C feature.
CACLS View and modify file ACL's.
CALL Calls a batch file from another batch file.
CD Changes directories.
CHCP Supplement the International keyboard and character set information.
CHDIR Changes directories.
CHKDSK Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors.
CHKNTFS Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors.
CHOICE Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file.
CLS Clears the screen.
CMD Opens the command interpreter.
COLOR Easily change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS window.
COMP Compares files.
COMPACT Compresses and uncompress files.
CONTROL Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt.
CONVERT Convert FAT to NTFS.
COPY Copy one or more files to an alternate location.
CTTY Change the computers input/output devices.
DATE View or change the systems date.
DEBUG Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings.
DEFRAG Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs.
DEL Deletes one or more files.
DELETE Recovery console command that deletes a file.
DELTREE Deletes one or more files and/or directories.
DIR List the contents of one or more directory.
DISABLE Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers.
DISKCOMP Compare a disk with another disk.
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk.
DOSKEY Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past.
DOSSHELL A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users.
DRIVPARM Enables overwrite of original device drivers.
ECHO Displays messages and enables and disables echo.
EDIT View and edit files.
EDLIN View and edit files.
EMM386 Load extended Memory Manager.
ENABLE Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver.
ENDLOCAL Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled by the setlocal command.
ERASE Erase files from computer.
EXIT Exit from the command interpreter.
EXPAND Expand a M*cros*ft Windows file back to it's original format.
EXTRACT Extract files from the M*cros*ft Windows cabinets.
FASTHELP Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them.
FC Compare files.
FDISK Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive.
FIND Search for text within a file.
FINDSTR Searches for a string of text within a file.
FIXBOOT Writes a new boot sector.
FIXMBR Writes a new boot record to a disk drive.
FOR Boolean used in batch files.
FORMAT Command to erase and prepare a disk drive.
FTP Command to connect and operate on a FTP server.
FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.
GOTO Moves a batch file to a specific label or location.
GRAFTABL Show extended characters in graphics mode.
HELP Display a listing of commands and brief explanation.
IF Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.
IFSHLP.SYS 32-bit file manager.
IPCONFIG Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values.
KEYB Change layout of keyboard.
LABEL Change the label of a disk drive.
LH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LISTSVC Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers.
LOADFIX Load a program above the first 64k.
LOADHIGH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LOCK Lock the hard disk drive.
LOGON Recovery console command to list installations and enable administrator login.
MAP Displays the device name of a drive.
MD Command to create a new directory.
MEM Display memory on system.
MKDIR Command to create a new directory.
MODE Modify the port or display settings.
MORE Display one page at a time.
MOVE Move one or more files from one directory to another directory.
MSAV Early M*cros*ft Virus scanner.
MSD Diagnostics utility.
MSCDEX Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM.
NBTSTAT Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT
NET Update, fix, or view the network or network settings
NETSH Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS.
NETSTAT Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
NLSFUNC Load country specific information.
NSLOOKUP Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
PATH View and modify the computers path location.
PATHPING View and locate locations of network latency.
PAUSE Command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command.
PING Test / send information to another network computer or network device.
POPD Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command.
POWER Conserve power with computer portables.
PRINT Prints data to a printer port.
PROMPT View and change the MS-DOS prompt.
PUSHD Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at any time.
QBASIC Open the QBasic.
RD Removes an empty directory.
REN Renames a file or directory.
RENAME Renames a file or directory.
RMDIR Removes an empty directory.
ROUTE View and configure windows network route tables.
RUNAS Enables a user to execute a program on another computer.
SCANDISK Run the scandisk utility.
SCANREG Scan registry and recover registry from errors.
SET Change one variable or string to another.
SETLOCAL Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else.
SETVER Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs.
SHARE Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
SHIFT Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program.
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt.
SMARTDRV Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory.
SORT Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen.
START Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt.
SUBST Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter.
SWITCHES Remove add functions from MS-DOS.
SYS Transfer system files to disk drive.
TELNET Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt.
TIME View or modify the system time.
TITLE Change the title of their MS-DOS window.
TRACERT Visually view a network packets route across a network.
TREE View a visual tree of the hard disk drive.
TYPE Display the contents of a file.
UNDELETE Undelete a file that has been deleted.
UNFORMAT Unformat a hard disk drive.
UNLOCK Unlock a disk drive.
VER Display the version information.
VERIFY Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly.
VOL Displays the volume information about the designated drive.
XCOPY Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one location to another.
TRUENAME When placed before a file, will display the whole directory in which it exists
TASKKILL It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications

Windows XP Shortcuts:
ALT+- (ALT+hyphen) Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI) child window's System menu
ALT+ENTER View properties for the selected item
ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order they were opened
ALT+F4 Close the active item, or quit the active program
ALT+SPACEBAR Display the System menu for the active window
ALT+TAB Switch between open items
ALT+Underlined letter Display the corresponding menu
BACKSPACE View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer
CTRL+A Select all
CTRL+B Bold
CTRL+C Copy
CTRL+I Italics
CTRL+O Open an item
CTRL+U Underline
CTRL+V Paste
CTRL+X Cut
CTRL+Z Undo
CTRL+F4 Close the active document
CTRL while dragging Copy selected item
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging Create shortcut to selected iteM
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word
CTRL+LEFT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word
CTRL+DOWN ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
CTRL+UP ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph
SHIFT+DELETE Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin
ESC Cancel the current task
F1 Displays Help
F2 Rename selected item
F3 Search for a file or folder
F4 Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer
F5 Refresh the active window
F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program
SHIFT+F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
CTRL+ESC Display the Start menu
SHIFT+CTRL+ESC Launches Task Manager
SHIFT when you insert a CD Prevent the CD from automatically playing
WIN Display or hide the Start menu
WIN+BREAK Display the System Properties dialog box
WIN+D Minimizes all Windows and shows the Desktop
WIN+E Open Windows Explorer
WIN+F Search for a file or folder
WIN+F+CTRL Search for computers
WIN+L Locks the desktop
WIN+M Minimize or restore all windows
WIN+R Open the Run dialog box
WIN+TAB Switch between open items

Windows Explorer Shortcuts:
ALT+SPACEBAR - Display the current window’s system menu
SHIFT+F10 - Display the item's context menu
CTRL+ESC - Display the Start menu
ALT+TAB - Switch to the window you last used
ALT+F4 - Close the current window or quit
CTRL+A - Select all items
CTRL+X - Cut selected item(s)
CTRL+C - Copy selected item(s)
CTRL+V - Paste item(s)
CTRL+Z - Undo last action
CTRL+(+) - Automatically resize the columns in the right hand pane
TAB - Move forward through options
ALT+RIGHT ARROW - Move forward to a previous view
ALT+LEFT ARROW - Move backward to a previous view
SHIFT+DELETE - Delete an item immediately
BACKSPACE - View the folder one level up
ALT+ENTER - View an item’s properties
F10 - Activate the menu bar in programs
F6 - Switch between left and right panes
F5 - Refresh window contents
F3 - Display Find application
F2 - Rename selected item

Internet Explorer Shortcuts:
CTRL+A - Select all items on the current page
CTRL+D - Add the current page to your Favorites
CTRL+E - Open the Search bar
CTRL+F - Find on this page
CTRL+H - Open the History bar
CTRL+I - Open the Favorites bar
CTRL+N - Open a new window
CTRL+O - Go to a new location
CTRL+P - Print the current page or active frame
CTRL+S - Save the current page
CTRL+W - Close current browser window
CTRL+ENTER - Adds the

Code:

http://www

. (url) .com
SHIFT+CLICK - Open link in new window
BACKSPACE - Go to the previous page
ALT+HOME - Go to your Home page
HOME - Move to the beginning of a document
TAB - Move forward through items on a page
END - Move to the end of a document
ESC - Stop downloading a page
F11 - Toggle full-screen view
F5 - Refresh the current page
F4 - Display list of typed addresses
F6 - Change Address bar and page focus
ALT+RIGHT ARROW - Go to the next page
SHIFT+CTRL+TAB - Move back between frames
SHIFT+F10 - Display a shortcut menu for a link
SHIFT+TAB - Move back through the items on a page
CTRL+TAB - Move forward between frames
CTRL+C - Copy selected items to the clipboard
CTRL+V - Insert contents of the clipboard
ENTER - Activate a selected link
HOME - Move to the beginning of a document
END - Move to the end of a document
F1 - Display Internet Explorer Help

runas /user:Administrator "....."

Best Keyboard Shortcuts

Getting used to using your keyboard exclusively and leaving your mouse behind will make you much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows system. I use the following keyboard shortcuts every day:

Windows key + R = Run menu

This is usually followed by:
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer

ALT + Tab = Switch between windows

ALT, Space, X = Maximize window

CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager

Windows key + Break = System properties

Windows key + F = Search

Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows

CTRL + C = copy

CTRL + X = cut

CTRL + V = paste

Also don't forget about the "Right-click" key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you've opened up any program.

Keyboard Shortcuts

[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications

[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter

[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu

[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)

[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window

[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document

Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word

Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph

[F1] Open Help for active application

Windows+M Minimize all open windows

Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows

Windows+F1 Open Windows Help

Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons

Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box

acessability shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds........ Switch FilterKeys on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN....... Switch High Contrast on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK....... Switch MouseKeys on and off.

SHIFT....... five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.

NUM LOCK...... for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.

explorer shortcuts

END....... Display the bottom of the active window.

HOME....... Display the top of the active window.

NUM LOCK+ASTERISK....... on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.

LEFT ARROW...... Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder.

RIGHT ARROW....... Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder.

Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run

devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Information
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = Microsoft Management Console
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = Microsoft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog

Didn't see that one coming. Blog contains details to what this could mean for both companies. May as well be one of the most important takeovers of 2008 already! More >>>

arch	show architecture of machine
uname -r	show used kernel version
dmidecode -q	show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI)
hdaparm -i /dev/hda	displays the characteristics of a hard-disk
hdparm -tT /dev/sda	perform test reading on a hard-disk
cat /proc/cpuinfo	show information CPU info
cat /proc/interrupts	show interrupts
cat /proc/meminfo	verify memory use
cat /proc/swaps	show file(s) swap
cat /proc/version	show version of the kernel
cat /proc/net/dev	visualizzare gli adattori di rete See adattori network
cat /proc/mounts	show mounted file system(s)
lspci -tv	display PCI devices
lsusb -tv	show USB devices
date	show system date
cal 2007	show the timetable of 2007
date 041217002007.00	set date and time - MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Secondi
clock -w	save changes on BIOS

Shutdown, Restart of a system and Logout
shutdown -h now	shutdown system
shutdown -r hours:minutes &	planned shutdown of the system
shutdown -c	cancel a planned shutdown of the system
shutdown -r now	reboot
reboot	reboot
logout	leaving session

Files and Directory
cd /home	enter to directory '/ home'
cd ..	go back one level
cd ../..	go back two levels
cd	go to home directory
cd ~utente	go to home directory
cd -	go to previous directory
pwd	show the path of work directory
ls	view files of directory
ls -F	view files of directory
ls -l	show details of files and directory
ls -a	show hidden files
ls [0-9]	show files and directory containing numbers
lstree	show files and directories in a tree starting from root
mkdir dir1	create a directory called 'dir1'
mkdir dir1 dir2	create two directories simultaneously
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2	create a directory tree
rm -f file1	delete file called 'file1'
rm -rf dir1	delete directory called 'dir1'
rm -rf dir1 dir2	delete two directories simultaneously
mv dir1 new_dir	rename / move a file or directory
cp file1 file2	copying a file
cp dir/* .	copy all files of a directory within the current work directory
cp -a /tmp/dir1 .	copy a directory within the current work directory
cp -a dir1 dir2	copy a directory
ln -s file1 lnk1	create a symbolic link to file or directory
ln file1 lnk1	create a physical link to file or directory
touch -t 0712250000 fileditest	modify timestamp of a file or directory - (YYMMDDhhmm)

File search
find / -name file1	search file and directory into root filesystem from '/'
find / -user user1	search files and directories belonging to 'user1'
find /home/user1 -name *.bin	search files with '. bin' extension within directory '/ home/user1'
find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100	search bynary files are not used in the last 100 days
find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10	search files created or changed within 10 days
find / -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 {} ;	search files with '.rpm' extension and modify permits
find / -name *.rpm -xdev	search files with '.rpm' extension ignoring removable partitions as cdrom, pen-drive, etc.…
locate *.ps	find files with the '.ps' extension - first run 'updatedb' command
whereis halt	show location of a binary file, source or man
which halt	show full path to a binary / executable

Mounting a Filesystem
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2	mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory '/ mnt/hda2'
umount /dev/hda2	unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point '/ mnt/hda2' first
fuser -km /mnt/hda2	force umount when the device is busy
umount -n /mnt/hda2	run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy	mount a floppy disk
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom	mount a cdrom / dvdrom
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder	mount a cdrw / dvdrom
mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder	mount a cdrw / dvdrom
mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom	mount a file or iso image
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5	mount a Windows FAT32 file system
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk	mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share	mount a windows network share

Disk Space
df -h	show list of partitions mounted
ls -lSr \|more	show size of the files and directories ordered by size
du -sh dir1	estimate space used by directory 'dir1'
du -sh * \| sort -rn	show size of the files and directories sorted by size
rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}\t%{NAME}\n' \| sort -k1,1n	show space used by rpm packages installed sorted by size (fedora, redhat and sourced)
dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}\t${Package}\n' \| sort -k1,1n	show space used by deb packages installed sorted by size (ubuntu, debian and deriviate)

Users and Groups
groupadd group_name	create a new group
groupdel group_name	delete a group
groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name	rename a group
useradd -c "Nome Cognome" -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1	create a new user belongs "admin" group
useradd user1	create a new user
userdel -r user1	delete a user ( '-r' eliminates home directory)
usermod -c "User FTP" -g system -d /ftp/user1 -s /bin/nologin user1	change user attributes
passwd	change password
passwd user1	change a user password (only by root)
chage -E 2005-12-31 user1	set deadline for user password
pwck	check correct syntax and file format of '/etc/passwd' and users existence
grpck	check correct syntax and file format of '/etc/group' and groups existence
alias hh='history'	set an alias for a command - hh = history

Permits on File - use "+" to set permissions and "-" to remove
ls -lh	show permits
ls /tmp \| pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS	divide terminal into 5 columns
chmod ugo+rwx directory1	set permissions reading (r), write (w) and (x) access to users owner (u) group (g) and others (o)
chmod go-rwx directory1	remove permits reading (r), write (w) and (x) access to users group (g) and others (or
chown user1 file1	change owner of a file
chown user1 -R directory1	change user owner of a directory and all the files and directories contained inside
chgrp gruppo1 file1	change group of files
chown user1:gruppo1 file1	change user and group ownership of a file
find / -perm -u+s	view all files on the system with SUID configured
chmod u+s /bin/file_eseguibile	set SUID bit on a binary file - the user that running that file gets same privileges as owner
chmod u-s /bin/file_binario	disable SUID bit on a binary file
chmod g+s /home/public	set SGID bit on a directory - similar to SUID but for directory
chmod g-s /home/public	disable SGID bit on a directory
chmod o+t /home/comune	set STIKY bit on a directory - allows files deletion only to legitimate owners
chmod o-t /home/comune	disable STIKY bit on a directory

Special Attributes on file - use "+" to set permissions and "-" to remove
chattr +a file1	allows write opening of a file only append mode
chattr +c file1	allows that a file is compressed / decompressed automatically by the kernel
chattr +d file1	makes sure that the program ignores Dump the files during backup
chattr +i file1	makes it an immutable file, which can not be removed, altered, renamed or linked
chattr +s file1	allows a file to be deleted safely
chattr +S file1	makes sure that if a file is modified changes are written in synchronous mode as with sync
chattr +u file1	allows you to recover the contents of a file even if it is canceled
lsattr	show specials attributes

Archives and compressed files
bunzip2 file1.bz2	decompress a file called 'file1.bz2'
bzip2 file1	compress a file called 'file1'
gunzip file1.gz	decompress a file called 'file1.gz'
gzip file1	compress a file called 'file1'
gzip -9 file1	compress with maximum compression
rar a file1.rar test_file	create an archive rar called 'file1.rar'
rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1	compress 'file1', 'file2' and 'dir1' simultaneously
rar x file1.rar	decompress rar archive
unrar x file1.rar	decompress rar archive
tar -cvf archive.tar file1	create a uncompressed tarball
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1	create an archive containing 'file1', 'file2' and 'dir1'
tar -tf archive.tar	show contents of an archive
tar -xvf archive.tar	extract a tarball
tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp	extract a tarball into / tmp
tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1	create a tarball compressed into bzip2
tar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2	decompress a compressed tar archive in bzip2
tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1	create a tarball compressed into gzip
tar -xvfz archive.tar.gz	decompress a compressed tar archive in gzip
zip file1.zip file1	create an archive compressed in zip
zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1	compress in zip several files and directories simultaneously
unzip file1.zip	decompress a zip archive

RPM Packages - Fedora, Red Hat and like
rpm -ivh package.rpm	install a rpm package
rpm -ivh --nodeeps package.rpm	install a rpm package ignoring dependencies requests
rpm -U package.rpm	upgrade a rpm package without changing configuration files
rpm -F package.rpm	upgrade a rpm package only if it is already installed
rpm -e package_name.rpm	remove a rpm package
rpm -qa	show all rpm packages installed on the system
rpm -qa \| grep httpd	show all rpm packages with the name "httpd"
rpm -qi package_name	obtain information on a specific package installed
rpm -qg "System Environment/Daemons"	show rpm packages of a group software
rpm -ql package_name	show list of files provided by a rpm package installed
rpm -qc package_name	show list of configuration files provided by a rpm package installed
rpm -q package_name --whatrequires	show list of dependencies required for a rpm packet
rpm -q package_name --whatprovides	show capability provided by a rpm package
rpm -q package_name --scripts	show scripts started during installation / removal
rpm -q package_name --changelog	show history of revisions of a rpm package
rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf	verify which rpm package belongs to a given file
rpm -qp package.rpm -l	show list of files provided by a rpm package not yet installed
rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY	import public-key digital signature
rpm --checksig package.rpm	verify the integrity of a rpm package
rpm -qa gpg-pubkey	verify integrity of all rpm packages installed
rpm -V package_name	check file size, permissions, type, owner, group, MD5 checksum and last modification
rpm -Va	check all rpm packages installed on the system - use with caution
rpm -Vp package.rpm	verify a rpm package not yet installed
rpm2cpio package.rpm \| cpio --extract --make-directories bin	extract executable file from a rpm package
rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm	install a package built from a rpm source
rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src.rpm	build a rpm package from a rpm source

YUM packages updater - Fedora, RedHat and like
yum install package_name	download and install a rpm package
yum update	update all rpm packages installed on the system
yum update package_name	upgrade a rpm package
yum remove package_name	remove a rpm package
yum list	list all packages installed on the system
yum search package_name	find a package on rpm repository
yum clean packages	clean up rpm cache erasing downloaded packages
yum clean headers	remove all files headers that the system uses to resolve dependency
yum clean all	remove from the cache packages and headers files

DEB packages - Debian, Ubuntu and like
dpkg -i package.deb	install / upgrade a deb package
dpkg -r package_name	remove a deb package from the system
dpkg -l	show all deb packages installed on the system
dpkg -l \| grep httpd	show all rpm packages with the name "httpd"
dpkg -s package_name	obtain information on a specific package installed on system
dpkg -L package_name	show list of files provided by a package installed on system
dpkg --contents package.deb	show list of files provided by a package not yet installed
dpkg -S /bin/ping	verify which package belongs to a given file

APT packages updater - Debian, Ubuntu e like
apt-get install package_name	install / upgrade a deb package
apt-cdrom install package_name	install / upgrade a deb package from cdrom
apt-get update	update all deb packages installed on system
apt-get remove package_name	remove a deb package from system
apt-get check	verify correct resolution of dependencies
apt-get clean	clean up cache from packages downloaded

View file content
cat file1	view the contents of a file starting from the first row
tac file1	view the contents of a file starting from the last line
more file1	view content of a file along
less file1	similar to 'more' command but which allows backward movement in the file as well as forward movement
head -2 file1	view first two lines of a file
tail -2 file1	view last two lines of a file
tail -f /var/log/messages	view in real time what is added to a file

Text Manipulation
cat file_test \| [operation: sed, grep, awk, grep, etc] > result.txt	syntax to elaborate the text of a file, and write result to a new file
cat file_originale \| [operazione: sed, grep, awk, grep, etc] >> result.txt	syntax to elaborate the text of a file and append result in existing file
grep Aug /var/log/messages	look up words "Aug" on file '/var/log/messages'
grep ^Aug /var/log/messages	look up words that begin with "Aug" on file '/var/log/messages'
grep [0-9] /var/log/messages	select from file '/var/log/messages' all lines that contain numbers
grep Aug -R /var/log/*	search string "Aug" at directory '/var/log' and below
grep Aug /var/log/messages	write result of a search within a file
sed 's/stringa1/stringa2/g' example.txt	replace "string1" with "string2" in example.txt
sed '/^$/d' example.txt	remove all blank lines from example.txt
sed '/ #/d; /^ $/d' example.txt	remove comments and blank lines from example.txt
echo 'esempio' \| tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'	convert from lower case in upper case
sed -e '1d' result.txt	eliminates the first line from file example.txt
sed -n '/stringa1/p'	view only lines that contain the word "string1"
sed -e 's/ *$//' example.txt	remove empty characters at the end of each row
sed -e 's/stringa1//g' example.txt	remove only the word "string1" from text and leave intact all
sed -n '1,5p;5q' example.txt	view from 1th to 5th row
sed -n '5p;5q' example.txt	view row number 5
sed -e 's/00*/0/g' example.txt	replace more zeros with a single zero
cat -n file1	number row of a file
cat example.txt \| awk 'NR%2==1'	remove all even lines from example.txt
echo a b c \| awk '{print $1}'	view the first column of a line
echo a b c \| awk '{print $1,$3}'	view the first and third column of a line
paste file1 file2	merging contents of two files for columns
paste -d '+' file1 file2	merging contents of two files for columns with '+' delimiter on the center
sort file1 file2	sort contents of two files
sort file1 file2 \| uniq	sort contents of two files omitting lines repeated
sort file1 file2 \| uniq -u	sort contents of two files by viewing only unique line
sort file1 file2 \| uniq -d	sort contents of two files by viewing only duplicate line
comm -1 file1 file2	compare contents of two files by deleting only unique lines from 'file1'
comm -2 file1 file2	compare contents of two files by deleting only unique lines from 'file2'
comm -3 file1 file2	compare contents of two files by deleting only the lines that appear on both files

Character set and Format file conversion
dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt	convert a text file format from MSDOS to UNIX
unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt	convert a text file format from UNIX to MSDOS
recode ..HTML <> page.html	convert a text file to html
recode -l \| more	show all available formats conversion

Filesystem Analisys
badblocks -v /dev/hda1	check bad blocks in disk hda1
fsck /dev/hda1	repair / check integrity of linux filesystem on disk hda1
fsck.ext2 /dev/hda1	repair / check integrity of ext2 filesystem on disk hda1
e2fsck /dev/hda1	repair / check integrity of ext2 filesystem on disk hda1
e2fsck -j /dev/hda1	repair / check integrity of ext3 filesystem on disk hda1
fsck.ext3 /dev/hda1	repair / check integrity of ext3 filesystem on disk hda1
fsck.vfat /dev/hda1	repair / check integrity of fat filesystem on disk hda1
fsck.msdos /dev/hda1	repair / check integrity of dos filesystem on disk hda1
dosfsck /dev/hda1	repair / check integrity of dos filesystems on disk hda1

Format a Filesystem
mkfs /dev/hda1	create a filesystem type linux on hda1 partition
mke2fs /dev/hda1	create a filesystem type linux ext2 on hda1 partition
mke2fs -j /dev/hda1	create a filesystem type linux ext3 (journal) on hda1 partition
mkfs -t vfat 32 -F /dev/hda1	create a FAT32 filesystem
fdformat -n /dev/fd0	format a floppy disk
mkswap /dev/hda3	create a swap filesystem

SWAP filesystem
mkswap /dev/hda3	create a swap filesystem
swapon /dev/hda3	activating a new swap partition
swapon /dev/hda2 /dev/hdb3	activate two swap partitions

Backup
dump -0aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home	make a full backup of directory '/home'
dump -1aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home	make a incremental backup of directory '/home'
restore -if /tmp/home0.bak	restoring a backup interactively
rsync -rogpav --delete /home /tmp	synchronization between directories
rsync -rogpav -e ssh --delete /home ip_address:/tmp	rsync via SSH tunnel
rsync -az -e ssh --delete ip_addr:/home/public /home/local	synchronize a local directory with a remote directory via ssh and compression
rsync -az -e ssh --delete /home/local ip_addr:/home/public	synchronize a remote directory with a local directory via ssh and compression
dd bs=1M if=/dev/hda \| gzip \| ssh user@ip_addr 'dd of=hda.gz'	make a backup of a local hard disk on remote host via ssh
tar -Puf backup.tar /home/user	make a incremental backup of directory '/home/user'
( cd /tmp/local/ && tar c . ) \| ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/share/ && tar x -p'	copy content of a directory on remote directory via ssh
( tar c /home ) \| ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/backup-home && tar x -p'	copy a local directory on remote directory via ssh
tar cf - . \| (cd /tmp/backup ; tar xf - )	local copy preserving permits and links from a directory to another
find /home/user1 -name '*.txt' \| xargs cp -av --target-directory=/home/backup/ --parents	find and copy all files with '.txt' extention from a directory to another
find /var/log -name '*.log' \| tar cv --files-from=- \| bzip2 > log.tar.bz2	find all files with '.log' extention and make an bzip archive
dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1	make a copy of MBR (Master Boot Record) to floppy
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1	restore MBR from backup copy saved to floppy

CDROM
cdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force	clean a rewritable cdrom
mkisofs /dev/cdrom > cd.iso	create an iso image of cdrom on disk
mkisofs /dev/cdrom \| gzip > cd_iso.gz	create a compressed iso image of cdrom on disk
mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V "Label CD" -iso-level 4 -o ./cd.iso data_cd	create an iso image of a directory
cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom cd.iso	burn an ISO image
gzip -dc cd_iso.gz \| cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom -	burn a compressed ISO image
mount -o loop cd.iso /mnt/iso	mount an ISO image
cd-paranoia -B	rip audio tracks from a CD to wav files
cd-paranoia -- "-3"	rip first three audio tracks from a CD to wav files
cdrecord --scanbus	scan bus to identify the channel scsi

Networking - LAN and WiFi
ifconfig eth0	show configuration of an ethernet network card
ifup eth0	activate an interface 'eth0'
ifdown eth0	disable an interface 'eth0'
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0	configure IP Address
ifconfig eth0 promisc	configure 'eth0' in promiscuous mode to gather packets (sniffing)
dhclient eth0	active interface 'eth0' in dhcp mode
route -n	show routing table
route add -net 0/0 gw IP_Gateway	configura default gateway
route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1	configure static route to reach network '192.168.0.0/16'
route del 0/0 gw IP_gateway	remove static route
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward	activate ip routing
hostname	show hostname
host www.linuxguide.it	lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa
ip link show	show link status of all interfaces
mii-tool eth0	show link status of 'eth0'
ethtool eth0	show statistics of network card 'eth0'
netstat -tup	show all active network connections and their PID
netstat -tupl	show all network services listening on the system and their PID
tcpdump tcp port 80	show all HTTP traffic
iwlist scan	show wireless networks
iwconfig eth1	show configuration of a wireless network card

Microsoft Windows networks - SAMBA
nbtscan ip_addr	netbios name resolution
nmblookup -A ip_addr	netbios name resolution
smbclient -L ip_addr/hostname	show remote shares of a windows host
smbget -Rr smb://ip_addr/share	like wget can download files from a host windows via smb
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share	mount a windows network share

IPTABLES - firewall
iptables -t filter -L	show all chains of filtering table
iptables -t nat -L	show all chains of nat table
iptables -t filter -F	clear all rules from filtering table
iptables -t nat -F	clear all rules from table nat
iptables -t filter -X	delete any chains created by user
iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp --dport telnet -j ACCEPT	allow telnet connections to input
iptables -t filter -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport http -j DROP	block HTTP connections to output
iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport pop3 -j ACCEPT	allow POP3 connections to forward chain
iptables -t filter -A INPUT -j LOG --log-prefix "DROP INPUT"	logging sulla chain di input Logging on chain input
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE	configure a PAT (Port Address Traslation) on eth0 masking outbound packets
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.0.1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.2:22	redirect packets addressed to a host to another host

Monitoring and debugging
top	display linux tasks using most cpu
ps -eafw	displays linux tasks
ps -e -o pid,args --forest	displays linux tasks in a hierarchical mode
pstree	mostra un albero dei processi sistema Shows a tree system processes
kill -9 ID_Processo	force closure of the process and finish it
kill -1 ID_Processo	force a process to reload configuration
lsof -p $$	display a list of files opened by processes
lsof /home/user1	displays a list of open files in a given path system
strace -c ls >/dev/null	display system calls made and received by a process
strace -f -e open ls >/dev/null	display library calls
watch -n1 'cat /proc/interrupts'	display interrupts in real-time
last reboot	show history reboot
lsmod	display kernel loaded
free -m	displays status of RAM in megabytes
smartctl -A /dev/hda	monitoring reliability of a hard-disk through SMART
smartctl -i /dev/hda	check if SMART is active on a hard-disk
tail /var/log/dmesg	show events inherent to the process of booting kernel
tail /var/log/messages	show system events

Other useful commands
mkbootdisk --device /dev/fd0 `uname -r`	create a boot floppy
gpg -c file1	encrypt a file with GNU Privacy Guard
gpg file1.gpg	decrypt a file with GNU Privacy Guard
wget -r www.example.com	download an entire web site
wget -c www.example.com/file.iso	download a file with the ability to stop the download and resume later
echo 'wget -c www.example.com/files.iso' \| at 09:00	start a download at any given time

Thursday, July 03, 2008

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Tuesday, June 17, 2008

Thursday, May 29, 2008

Saturday, May 24, 2008

Monday, May 19, 2008

Sunday, April 06, 2008

Thursday, March 20, 2008

Friday, March 14, 2008

Saturday, February 09, 2008

Thursday, February 07, 2008

Tuesday, February 05, 2008

Sunday, February 03, 2008

How to Rip DVDs to Your Mac

Tuesday, January 29, 2008

Saturday, January 19, 2008

Wednesday, January 16, 2008

Saturday, January 05, 2008

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